THC (Cannabis) Between 1840 And

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Term Paper Title	THC (Cannabis) Between 1840 And
# of Words	995
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	3.98

THC

THC (Cannabis) Between 1840 and
1900, European and American medical journals
published more than 100 articles on the
therapeutic use of the drug known then as
Cannabis indica (or Indian hemp) and now as
marijuana. It was recommended as an appetite
stimulant, muscle relaxant, analgesic, hypnotic, and
anticonvulsant. As late as 1913 Sir William Osler
recommended it as the most satisfactory remedy
for migraine headaches . Today the 5000-year
medical history of cannabis has been almost
forgotten. Its use declined in the early 20th century
because the potency of oral ingestion was high,
and alternatives became available -- injectable
opiates and, synthetic drugs such as aspirin and
barbiturates. In the United States the Marijuana
Tax Act of 1937 was passed. It was designed to
prevent non medical use. This law made cannabis
so difficult to obtain for medical purposes that it
was removed from the pharmacopoeia. It is now
confined to Schedule I under the Controlled
Substances Act as a drug that has a high potential
for abuse, lacks an accepted medical use, and is
unsafe for use under medical supervision. In 1972
the National Organization for the Reform of
Marijuana Laws petitioned the Bureau of
Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, later renamed
the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), to
transfer marijuana to Schedule II so that it could
be legally prescribed. As the proceedings
continued, other parties joined, including the
Physicians Association for AIDS Care. It was in
1986, after many years of legal maneuvering, that
the DEA acceded to the demand for the public
hearings required by law. During the hearings,
which lasted 2 years, many patients and physicians
testified, and thousands of pages of documentation
were introduced. In 1988 the DEA's own
administrative law judge, Francis L. Young,
declared that marijuana in its natural form fulfilled
the legal requirement of currently accepted
medical use in treatment in the United States. He
added that it was "one of the safest therapeutically
active substances known to man." His order that
the marijuana plant be transferred to Schedule II
was overruled, not by any medical authority, but
by the DEA itself, which issued a final rejection of
all pleas for reclassification in March 1992.
Meanwhile, a few patients have been able to
obtain marijuana legally for therapeutic purposes.
Since 1978, legislation permitting patients with
certain disorders to use marijuana with a
physician's approval has been enacted in 36
states...

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