The Human Genome Project, What

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Term Paper Title	The Human Genome Project, What
# of Words	1340
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	5.36

The Human Genome Project, What

     What would you do if you were given the power to change your genetic
code from brown hair to blond?.  Man has had this ability through natural selection
for some time without knowing it, but in the near future scientist will be
able to speed the process of natural selection by changing a persons genes.
Scientists have identified what constitutes human  DNA located in the nucleus
of a cell.  The Human Genome Project was established  to identify the genes
that make us who we are and is now an international organization. The massive
task of identifying the numerous gene combinations has created a problem.
In the nucleus are 22 genomes, plus two sex chromosomes which have already
been identified.  In the  22 genome there are approximately 3 billion base
pairs of DNA which contain 50,000 to 100,000 genes, a basic unit of heredity.
The identification of these base pairs is the goal of the Human Genome Project,
which started in 1990 and whose job it is to identify the letters or chromosomes
in DNA.  These letter
s represent nulcleotides called adenine, guanine, thyamine,
and cytosine (or A, C, T, G).  ('92 BSCS pg. 1)
          The Human Genome Project
idea originated in the mid 1980's and was discussed in the scientific community
and media through the latter part of that decade.  In the United States the
combined effort of the Department of Energy and the National Institute of Health
were involved in the project planning. (The National Center For Genetic Reasearch)
The Human Genome Project has several goals including identifying  the genes
of a human assessing the genes and comparing human DNA to that of bacteria,
yeasts, the fruit fly, mice, and the Arabidopis thaliana, a small genome plant
that grows rapidly.  A major purpose is to determine how evolution proceeds
from lower organisms to humans, and discover why the smaller genomes of animals
have less junk or unneeded DNA.
     Geneticists use two types of maps to characterize
the genes they discover--a genetic linkage map and a physical map.  A genetic
map registers the distance between the fragments of DNA we know according to
the frequency with which they are inherited.  The physical map measures the
actual physical distance between two markers.  Scientists want to map and develop
technology for rapid genotyping, plus develop markers that are easy to use
as well as generate new mapping techniques. (Instrumentation)    Scientists
can map genes but it is still expensive.  One of the...

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