Albinism

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Term Paper Title	Albinism
# of Words	501
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	2

Albinism

Albinism

     The word "albinism" refers to a group of inherited conditions. People
with albinism have little or no pigment in their eyes, skin, or hair. They have
inherited genes that do not make the usual amounts of a pigment called melanin.
One person in 17,000 has some type of albinism. Albinism affects people from all
races. Most children with albinism are born to parents who have normal hair and
eye color for their ethnic backgrounds.  Albinism is found on the eleventh
chromosome, section q, loci 14-21.
    Oculocutaneous albinism involves the eyes, hair, and skin. Ocular albinism
involves primarily the eye. People with ocular albinism may have slight
lightening of hair and skin colors as well, compared to other family members. At
present researchers have found 10 different types of oculocutaneous albinism,
and five types of ocular albinism.  Newer laboratory research studying DNA has
shown that there are numerous types of changes in the genes of those with
albinism, including within families.
     The most common types of oculocutaneous albinism are called "ty-negative"
and "ty-positive". Persons with ty-negative albinism have no melanin
pigmentation, and more difficulty with vision. Those with ty-positive albinism
have very slight pigmentation, and generally less severe visual difficulties.
Tests were done on the hair roots of individuals with albinism, to tell these
types of albinism apart. However, these hair tests cannot identify types of
albinism, particularly in young children, whose pigment systems are immature.
Therefore hair tests are not helpful in predicting the extent of visual
d...

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