Bioethics

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Bioethics

Bioethics

    Progress in the pharmacological, medical and biological sciences
involves experimentation on all living species, including animals and humans.
The effectiveness of medications investigative procedures and treatments must at
some point be tested on animals and human beings. Although tests are conducted
much more frequently on lab animals, especially those most related to humans,
they do not provide sufficient information.
    The history of medicine shows that there has always been a need for
experimentation on human beings. Examples of these consist of the inoculation
of Newgate prisoners in 1721, who had been condemned to death with Smallpox. In
1796, Edward Jenner, also studying Smallpox, inoculated an eight year old boy
with pus from a diseased cow. The list goes on, and such experiments continue
even until today.
    Nowadays these experiments would be ethically and legally unacceptable.
Nevertheless, there have been clear documented cases of abuse in recent times.
An example of this is the experiments conducted by Nazi doctors on prisoners in
the concentration camps during the Holocaust.
    Does this mean that since there is potential for abuse, all
experimentation should be banned? This would mean that society would be
condemned to remain at the same level of knowledge (status quo)?
    Bioethically speaking, how far can we go in the study of the human
without crossing the line? The fundamental question is, since we are the ones
drawing the line, where do we draw it?
    The purpose of this essay is to provide a clear sense of the present law
on this issue. Second, to review the problems raised by experimentation on
animals. To show some different examples of bioethics. Third, to show the
biblical view of the matter. Finally, to bring the reader to his or her own
clear conclusion, without a bias opinion on the matter.

    THE CURRENT STATE OF THE LAW

    Biomedical experimentation on human subjects raises many complex legal
problems that the law must deal with accordingly. For example, infringement on
the rules subjects the researcher not only to criminal sanctions, but also civil
sanctions (damages for harm caused), administrative sanctions (withdrawal of
funds), or disciplinary sanctions (suspension from the researchers' professional
association).
    Since we are in Canada, there are two categories of law dealing with
regulating experimentation. The first is Federal and Provincial Legislation.
The second consists of documents, code

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