Tourettes Disorder

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Term Paper Title	Tourettes Disorder
# of Words	4482
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	17.93

Tourette's Disorder

Tourette's Disorder

Table of Contents

     Tourette Syndrome And Other Tic Disorders
          Definitions of Tic Disorders
          Differential Diagnosis
          Symptomatology
          Associated Behaviors and Cognitive Difficulties
          Etiology
          Stimulant Medications
          Epidemiology and Genetics
          Non-Genetic Contributions
     Clinical Assessment Of Tourette Syndrome
     Treatment Of Tourette Syndrome
          Monitoring
          Reassurance
          Pharmacological Treatment of Tourette Syndrome
          Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
          Family Treatment
          Genetic Counseling
          Academic and Occupational Interventions
      Bibliography

Today the full-blown case of TS is unlikely to be confused with any other
disorder.
However, only a decade ago TS was frequently misdiagnosed as schizophrenia,
obsessive-compulsive disorder, Sydenham's chorea, epilepsy, or nervous habits.
The
differentiation of TS from other tic syndromes may be no more than semantic,
especially
since recent genetic evidence links TS with multiple tics. Transient tics of
childhood are
best defined in retrospect. At times it may be difficult to distinguish
children with
extreme attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from TS. Many ADHD
children, on
close examination, have a few phonic or motor tics, grimace, or produce noises
similar to
those of TS. Since at least half of the TS patients also have attention
deficits and
hyperactivity as children, a physician may well be confused. However, the
treating doctor
should be aware of the potential dangers of treating a possible case of TS with
stimulant
medication. On rare occasions the differentiation between TS and a seizure
disorder may be
problematic. The symptoms of TS sometimes occur in a rather sharply separated
paroxysmal
manner and may resemble automatisms. TS patients, however, retain a clear
consciousness
during such paroxysms. If the diagnosis is in doubt, an EEG may be useful. We
have seen TS
in association with a number of developmental and other neurological disorders.
It is
possible that central nervous system injury from trauma or disease may cause a
child to be
vulnerable to the expression of the disorder, particularly if there is a
genetic
predisposition. Autistic and retarded children may display the entire gamut of
TS symptoms,
but whether an autistic or retarded individual requires the additional
diagnosis of T...

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