Lasers And Their Uses

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Term Paper Title	Lasers And Their Uses
# of Words	805
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	3.22

Lasers and Their Uses

Lasers and Their Uses

     We have all at some point in our lives used or seen someone use a laser.
They are  used in compact disc players for stereos or computers, laser surgery,
laser printers, holography, cutting and borring metals, communication, bar-code
scanners, etc. Over the past three decades' lasers have become a tool used
daily by many people and they have become very useful in  scientific research.
As you can see lasers are a very useful and important tool which is why I have
chosen this topic to write about.

     The term laser is an acronym. It stands for "light amplification by
stimulated emission of radiation".  They produce a narrow, intense beam of
coherent light.

     In a laser the atoms or molecules of a crystal, like ruby or garnet-or
of a gas, liquid, or other substance-are excited so that more of them are at
higher energy levels than are at lower energy levels. If a photon whose
frequency corresponds to the energy difference between the excited and ground
states strikes an excited atom, the atom is stimulated, as it falls back to a
lower energy state, to emit a second photon of the same frequency, in phase
with and in the same direction as the bombarding  photon. This process is
called stimulated emission. The bombarding photon of the emitted photon may
then strike other excited atoms, stimulating further emission of photons, all
of the same frequency and phase. This process produces a sudden burst of
coherent radiation as all the atoms discharge in a rapid chain reaction. The
light beam produces is usually pencil thin and maintains its size and direction
over very long distances.

     Lasers vary greatly in the way they look and what they are used for.
Some lasers are as large as buildings while others can be the size of a grain
of salt.

     There are many parts to lasers. I will now explain what they are and
their uses.

1) Pumping systems:

        The pumping system is used to transmit energy to the atoms or molecules
of the medium used in the laser.

a. optical pumping systems uses photons provided by a source  such as a Xenon
gas flash lamp or another laser to transfer energy to the lasing material. The
optical source must provide photons which correspond to the allowed  transition
levels of the lasing material.

b. collision pumping relies on the transfer of energy to the lasing material by
collision with the atoms or molecules of the lasing material. Again, energies
which correspond to the allowed transition must b...

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