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Investigation Of Reproduction And Development In Animals

Investigation of Reproduction and Development in Animals

Investigation of Reproduction and Development in Animals

Due Date: 12/9/96

Cycles, Conception and Contraception

Fertility is the condition of being fertile. The aim of contraception is to
inhibit fertility in individuals, hence, slowing population growth. The system
by which all female contraception must operate: the menstrual cycle.

What is the menstrual cycle? and what hormones are involved in controlling it?

After puberty, the female produces an egg each month. Other changes take place
on a cyclic basis including the uterus lining and hormone levels. These changes
are called the menstrual cycle. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the
pituitary gland stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovary. Follicles
produce oestrogen that stimulates the pituitary to produce leutinising hormone
(LH). As LH increases the size of the follicle increases until an egg is
released. The corpus luteum formed in the follicle secretes progesterone that
prepares the lining of the uterus for pregnancy. If fertilisation does not occur
the lining of the uterus is discharged from the body in the process called
menstruation.

What is the birth control pill?

The combined oral contraceptive pill (the pill) is a reversable, hormonal
method of birth control. The pill consists of a mixture of two synthetic
hormones similar to oestrogen and progesterone, the woman’s natural hormones
which regulate the menstrual cycle. The pill is on of the most popular methods
of birth control.

How does it work?

The pill basically prevents ovulation, therefore, the ovaries can’t release a
mature egg. Without an egg for the sperm to fertilize , a woman cannot get
pregnant . The hormones also increase cervical mucus, making it difficult for
sperm to pass into the uterus.

How effective is the pill?

If used correctly, the pill is highly effective. It has a less than one percent
failure rate. However, because many people misuse it, the actual failure rate is
more like three percent. The pill does not provide protection against sexually
transmitted diseases.

How are pills used?

One pill must be swallowed at the same time every day. It is not any single
pill, but the day-to-day process of taking the pill which provides protection
against pregnancy.

What is infertility?

Infertility in humans and o

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