The Language Of The Cell

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Term Paper Title	The Language Of The Cell
# of Words	1412
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	5.65

The Language of The Cell

The Language of The Cell

MAY 3rd, 1996
SCIENCE 10 AP

     The cell is a complex and delicate system:  It can be seen that the cell
is the stage where everyday functions such as molecule movement, protein
synthesis and tissue repair take place.  All organelles within the cell are well
rehearsed in their operations, but an error on an organelles behalf, can send
the cell and it’s organelles into panic.  The efficiency rate of the cell
plummets down to a low level.  It does take some time for the dust to settle,
and once the scripts are memorized, the cell is now ready to begin it’s tasks
again.
     Since the 19th Century, it was known that all living things, whether
they were plants or animals, were made up of cells.  This whole idea has been
given credit to an English Physicist, Robert Hook (1635-1703), when he looked at
a thin slice of cork under powerful hand lens.  Hook discovered a large number
of cells.  Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) propounded this idea, that the cell is a
basic structure and functional unit for all living organisms.
     A cell can be a wide range of shapes and sizes, although most cells are
microscopic.  Inside a cell membrane, a nucleus can be seen.  The nucleus is the
control center of the cell.  Between the nucleus and the membrane, there is a
polysaccharide matrix called the cytoplasm, where organelles can be found.  The
organelles are attached to a framework.  The cell’s cytoskeleton.
     Every living cell has the ability to detect signals from it’s
environment.  The signals are usually in the form of chemical molecules, that
the cell has learned to recognize.  The cell decodes these molecules into
messages, and acts upon them.  The cell has a “language”.  Signals and messages
are carried by particles of matter that have a very low energy requirements.
There are many, many signals rumbling around the cell.  It was thought that the
cell would confuse itself in all of that background signal noise.  One defense
is available to this question.  The cell’s decoding mechanisms are located
downstream from the receptors.  They are based on complex chemical reactions
that take place in the cell membrane and control all the responses of the cell
to the messages it receives.
     Neuropeptides and polypeptide hormones, are made up of complex
assemblies of amino acids, aligned in different sequences.  In other cases, the
amino acids are slightly transformed, as this is the case with well known
transmitter substances such as epinephr...

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