The Plague

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Term Paper Title	The Plague
# of Words	559
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	2.24

The Plague

The Plague

Since the reign of Emperor Justinian in 542 A.D., man has one unwelcome organism
along for the ride, Yersinia pestis. This is the bacterium more commonly know as
the Black Death, the plague. Plague is divided into three biotypes, each
associated with one of three major pandemics occurring in history. Each of these
biotypes are then divided into three distinct types, classified by method of
infection.

The most widely know is bubonic, an infection of plague that resides in the
lymph nodes, causing them to swell. The Black Death of the 14th century was
mainly of this type. Bubonic plague is commonly spread through fleas that have
made a meal from an infected Rattus rattus. In the American and Canadian west,
from Texas and Oklahoma in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, it is most
often transmitted from species of squirrels. The last occurrence of
transmissions from rats to people, or people to people in the United States
occurred in 1924 in Los Angeles. In that epidemic there were 32 cases of
pneumonic plague with 31 fatalities. Since then there have been around 16 cases
a year in the United States, most connected with rock squirrels and its common
flea Oropsylla montana.

The most dangerous type of plague is pneumonic. It can be spread through aerosol
droplets released through coughs, sneezes, or through fluid contact. It may also
become a secondary result of a case of untreated bubonic or septicemic plague.
Although not as common as the bubonic strain, it is more deadly. It has an
untreated mortality rate on nearly 100%, as compared to 50% untreated mortality
for bubonic plague. It attacks the respiratory track, furthering the cycle.

The third type of plague is septemic. It is spread by direct bod...

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