Twinning In Cattle

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Term Paper Title	Twinning In Cattle
# of Words	1999
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	8

Twinning in Cattle

Twinning in Cattle

Mac Winslow
Dr. Farin
ANS 220 3
December 1996

Due to the continual fluctuation of the cattle market cattle producers
have been searching for ways to improve their production and increase their
profits any way possible. For years genetic engineers have been working hard on
improving economic efficiency in cattle. It is their hope that through genetic
research they can improve the yield and the income of cattle producers around
the world. Research has shown that twinning is one way that farmers can increase
their yield . Twinning has a significant influence on producers as well as
people who are involved in all realms of agriculture. The reason for this large
impact at this time is the fact that the occurrences are limited. However, many
producers have a vision that twinning can be more than a once in a blue moon
occurrence. These producers see twinning as a way to dramatically increase their
yield per calving season. Producers will increase their income due to more
weight per year per cow. It is necessary ;however, that the producer be well
educated on how to handle twinning, in order for it to be successful for them.
Many agencies see twinning as an economic move upward. The American
Breeder Service has made efforts to produce semen as well as embryos with high
predicted breeding values available to producers. They have been recorded based
on twinning probabilities and ovulation rates. A large amount of work on
twinning has also been done by the Meat and Animal Research Center. Since the
early eighties, they have located cattle with a high frequency of twinning and
been forming a breeding foundation based on this characteristic. “We believe the
time has come to make some of these unique genetic resources available to the
beef industry through artificial insemination and embryo transfer” (Gregory 23).
An extensive amount of research has been done using embryo transfer in cattle.
In one study recipients were implanted with either a single embryo, two embryo
in one uterine horn, or one embryo in each uterine horn. It is also possible to
split embryos using a micro manipulator and implant each half to produce
identical twins. On the average about 16% of the cows implanted with two embryos
produced twins. When two embryos were implanted, and one was placed in each horn,
conception rates were comparable with the prior method, however the twinning
rate was much higher when the embryos were in separate horns (73% vs. 45%...

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