Flouridation

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Term Paper Title	Flouridation
# of Words	1635
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	6.54

Flouridation

Flouridation

     In 1931 at the University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station M. C.
Smith, E. M. Lantz, and H. V. Smith discovered that when given drinking water
supplied with fluorine, rats would develop tooth defects.  Further testing by H.
T. Dean and E. Elove of the United States Public Health Service confirmed this
report, and stated that what is known as mottled tooth.  Mottled tooth is a
condition in which white spots develop on the back teeth.  Gradually the white
spots get darker and darker until the tooth is eroded completely.  This was
believed to be caused by fluorine in drinking water (Behrman pg. 181).
     A strong uproar was heard when this was released and people wanted all
fluorine out of their water.  But later tests concluded that communities with
high levels of fluorine in their drinking water suffered less dental cavities.
Further testing concluded that at least 1.0 parts per million of fluorine could
help to prevent cavities, but more than 1.5 PPM would cause mottled tooth, so
basically a little fluorine would be okay but a lot of fluorine would be bad
(Behrman 182).
      In 1938, with this information, Dr. Gerald Cox of the Mellon Institute
began to promote the addition of fluoride to public water systems, claiming that
it would reduce tooth decay, however there were two major obstacles in his path,
The American Medical Association, and The American Dental Association.  Both
associations wrote articles in their journals about the dangers of fluoridation
of water supplies.  The American Dental Association wrote the following in the
October 1, 1944 issue:  “We do know the use of drinking water containing as
little as 1.2 to 3.0 parts per million of fluorine will cause such developmental
disturbances in bones as osteoslcerosis, spondylosis and osteoperosis, as well
as goiter, and we cannot afford to run the risk of producing such serious
systemic disturbances in applying what is at present a doubtful procedure
intended to prevent development of dental disfigurements among children.”
(Yiamouyiannis pg. 138)
     Despite these warnings Dr. Cox continued to promote fluoridation of
water supplies and even convinced a Wisconsin dentist, J. J. Frisch to promote
the addition of fluoride to water supplies in his book, The Fight For
Fluoridation.  Frisch soon garnered the support of Frank Bull.  Frank Bull
organized political campaigns in order to persuade local officials to endorse
fluoridation.  This began to apply heavy pressur...

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