Max Planck

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Term Paper Title	Max Planck
# of Words	848
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	3.39

Max Planck

Max Planck

Justin Thomas
Period 4
Chemistry
10/08/96

     On April 23, 1858 Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck was born in Kiel, Germany.
He was the sixth child of a law professor at the University of Kiel.  At the age
of nine his interest in physics and mathematics was developed by his teacher
Hermann Muller.  When he graduated at the age of seventeen he decided to choose
physics over music for his career.  Although he is know for physics he was an
exceptional pianist who had acquired the gift of being able to hear absolute
pitch.  His favorite works of music were known to be Schubert and Brahms.
Entering the University of Munich in 1874 he got little inspiration and was
unimpressed at the University of Berlin which was between the years of 1877 and
1878.  He in turn did independent studies primarily on Rudolf Clausius' writings
of thermodynamics which inspired him and in July 1879 he received his doctoral
degree at the age of twenty-one.  He became a lecturer at the University of
Munich.  His father helped him be promoted to associate professor at Kiel by
means of professional connections.  At the age of thirty he was promoted to full
professor at the University of Berlin.
     After he decided to become a theoretical physicist he started a quest for
absolute laws.  His favorite absolute law was the law of the conservation of
energy which was the first law of thermodynamics that stated that you could take
any equal amount of energy and transform it into the same equal amount of energy
ideally, meaning no energy was lost.  The second law of thermodynamics led him
to discover the quantum of action or Planck's constant h.  How he came upon his
formula for quantum mechanics well be explained as follows.  Planck saw that
blackbody radiation acted in an absolute sense because it was defined by
Kirchhoff as a substance that could absorb almost all radiating energy and emit
all that it had absorbed perfectly which is associated with the first law of
thermodynamics.  By using various experiments and theoretical failures many
scientists tried to find the spectral energy distribution to try and draw a
diagram of a curve that showed the amount of radiation given off at different
frequencies for a blackbody with a given temperature.  Then using Wien's law
which worked out for high frequencies but didn't work for low, he saw a
relationship with the mathematics of the entropy of the radiation in the high-
frequency waves in correlation to the low frequency wa...

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