The Comparative Abundance Of The Elements

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Term Paper Title	The Comparative Abundance Of The Elements
# of Words	513
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	2.05

The Comparative Abundance of The Elements

The Comparative Abundance of The Elements

By Derrick Deacon

- There are 92 naturally occurring elements, only 17 of them make up  99.5% of
the earth's crust (including oceans and atmosphere). - In living things (plants,
animals, people) the six most abundant elements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. - The universe is dominated by the elements
hydrogen (83%) and helium (16%)

1. The Crust

     The outside of the earth is a thin crust  which is approximately 20 to 40km
thick. The crust is a formation of dips and hollows which are filled with water
to form the oceans and seas. On top of the earth's crust is an atmosphere, this
is a thin layer of gases, 95% of these gases are within the first 20km of the
earth's surface. Of the 17 elements that make up 99.5%, the most abundant of
these are    Oxygen 49.2%, Silicon 25%, and Aluminum 7.5%. Then the next most
abundant elements are Iron 4.7%, Calcium 3.4%, Sodium 2.6%, Potassium 2.4%,
Magnesium 1.9%, Hydrogen 0.9%, titanium 0.6%, Chlorine 0.2%, Phosphorus
Manganese and Carbon are all 0.1%, Sulfur 0.05% Barium 0.04%, Nitrogen 0.03% and
the rest of the elements on the periodic table take up about 0.5%.
     The elements of the crust are graphed below, but only ones that are the
most abundant due to the fact that the abundance of the other elements of the
crust are too low to graph accurately on one graph.
     Almost all elements are found as compounds, however Oxygen, Nitrogen,
and to a lesser extent sulfur, gold, silver and platinum are the only el...

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