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Human CloningBelow is a free term papers summary of the paper "Human Cloning." If you sign up, you can be reading the rest of this term papers in under two minutes. Registered users should login to view this term paper.
Imagine it is the year 2008. As you pick up your daily issue of the New York Times, you begin to read some of the interesting articles on the front page. The top story of the paper reads, "Germany Wins All Gold Medals at the Olympic Games: Is Cloning in Competitive Events Fair?" Other interesting articles reported on the front page include: "Rock Star Stacy Levesque and Lover’s Nuclear Transplanted Child is Born" and "Former President George Bush’s Cloned Heart Transplant A Success." These articles are examples of how much of an influence cloning can be in the future. Although these articles would have seemed science fiction several years ago, the idea of cloning became a reality in 1997. On February 27, 1997, it was reported that scientist produced the first clone of an adult sheep, attracting international attention and raising questions of whether cloning should take place. Within days, the public called for ethics inquires and new laws to ban cloning. The potential effects of cloning are unimaginable. What would life be like with women who are able to give birth to themselves, cloned humans who are used for "spare parts", and genetically superior cloned humans? Based on the positive advances of cloning versus the negative effects, one must ask his/herself whether cloning humans should be banned entirely. According to the American Heritage College Dictionary, cloning is "to reproduce or propagate asexually." This definition means that cloning enables the creation of offspring without any sexual action or sexual contact. There are several methods for cloning: separating the embryo and making twins with the same genetic make-up, taking a cell from a fertilized ovum when the cell begins to split and replace it in another female’s ovum, or nuclear transplantation. In the 10 March 1998 issue of Time, J. Madeleine Nash explains one example of how a clone of an adult ewe is "born" from nuclear transplantation. First, a cell is taken from the udder of an adult ewe and placed in a culture with very low concentrations of nutrients. As the cells starve, they stop dividing and switch off their active genes, and go into hibernation. An unfertilized egg is then taken from another adult ewe and the egg’s nucleus, along with its DNA, is sucked out, leaving an empty egg cell that still has the cellular machinery to produce an embryo. The empty egg and the culture of starved cells are then placed next to each other. Then an electronic pulse causes the egg... This is not the end of the termpaper! Register below to see the complete version of this term paper.
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