Nuclear Power

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Term Paper Title	Nuclear Power
# of Words	1636
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	6.54

Nuclear Power

Radioactive wastes, must for the protection of
mankind be stored or disposed in such a manner
that isolation from the biosphere is assured until
they have decayed to innocuous levels. If this is
not done, the world could face severe physical
problems to living species living on this planet.
Some atoms can disintegrate spontaneously. As
they do, they emit ionizing radiation. Atoms having
this property are called radioactive. By far the
greatest number of uses for radioactivity in
Canada relate not to the fission, but to the decay
of radioactive materials - radioisotopes. These are
unstable atoms that emit energy for a period of
time that varies with the isotope. During this active
period, while the atoms are 'decaying' to a stable
state their energies can be used according to the
kind of energy they emit. Since the mid 1900's
radioactive wastes have been stored in different
manners, but since several years new ways of
disposing and storing these wastes have been
developed so they may no longer be harmful. A
very advantageous way of storing radioactive
wastes is by a process called 'vitrification'.
Vitrification is a semi-continuous process that
enables the following operations to be carried out
with the same equipment: evaporation of the waste
solution mixed with the
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borosilicate: any of several salts derived from both
boric acid and silicic acid and found in certain
minerals such as tourmaline. additives necesary for
the production of borosilicate glass, calcination
and elaboration of the glass. These operations are
carried out in a metallic pot that is heated in an
induction furnace. The vitrification of one load of
wastes comprises of the following stages. The first
step is 'Feeding'. In this step the vitrification
receives a constant flow of mixture of wastes and
of additives until it is 80% full of calcine. The
feeding rate and heating power are adjusted so
that an aqueous phase of several litres is
permanently maintained at the surface of the pot.
The second step is the 'Calcination and glass
evaporation'. In this step when the pot is
practically full of calcine, the temperature is
progressively increased up to 1100 to 1500 C and
then is maintained for several hours so to allow the
glass to elaborate. The third step is 'Glass casting'.
The glass is cast in a special container. The heating
of the output of the vitrification pot causes the
glass plug to melt, thus allowing the...

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