Nuclear Weapons

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Term Paper Title	Nuclear Weapons
# of Words	886
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	3.54

Nuclear Weapons

Nuclear Weapons

Eric Sajo
Research and Writing 12-2
10/21/96
Mrs. Krantz

     A Nuclear weapon is any weapon that gets its destructive power from the
transformation of matter in atoms into energy.  They include missiles, bombs,
artillery shells, mines and torpedoes.  Another name for nuclear weapons are
Atomic bombs or Hydrogen bombs.  The United States was the first country to ever
use a Nuclear weapon in battle against Japan.
     The major arguments for a test ban was first proposed in the 1950Ős.
Today, however, the stopping of radioactive fallout and the superpower arms race
are still in negotiation.  Nations have sought to limit the testing of nuclear
weapons to protect people and the environment from nuclear radiation and to slow
the development of nuclear weapons.  In 1963, Great Britain, the Soviet Union,
and the United States negotiated the first test limitation treaty, the Limited
Test Ban Treaty.  The TreatyŐs signers agreed not  to test nuclear weapons in
the atmosphere, in outer space, or underwater.  The only testing that was
allowed was underground testing.
     Attempts to control the number of nuclear weapons in the world began
about 1970.  The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks(SALT) was a convention held by
the United States and the Soviet Union to limit the numbers in nuclear weapons.
In 1982, the United States and the Soviet Union began the Strategic Arms
Reduction Talks(START).  Unlike the SALT talks, these were aimed at the number
of nuclear weapons each country could obtain.  Then there was another treaty
signed in 1987 which was called the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces(INF).
This treaty called for the dismantling of ground-launched nuclear missiles.
     A major obstacle to controlling nuclear weapons has been a lack of trust
between the two principal powers; the United States and the Soviet Union.  The
relationship has improved though in the late 1980Ős after President Gorbachev
introduced the principles of glasnost and perestroika to the Soviet Political
System.  In 1989 and 1990, democratic reforms spread spread across Eastern
Europe.  These reforms have greatly reduced tensions.
     The country of China still wants to test their nuclear explosions for
mining and for some construction.  For two years China has successfully held up
the 38-nation Geneva negotiations on a comprehensive test ban treaty.  No other
nation has been supportive to the Chinese.  They find their reason as a lame
excuse to start setting off explosions ag...

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