Smuggling Of Nuclear Material

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Term Paper Title	Smuggling Of Nuclear Material
# of Words	950
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	3.8

Smuggling of Nuclear Material

Smuggling of Nuclear Material

     Over the past five years the former states of the Soviet Union haven't
been able to prevent the leakage of nuclear material.  Nuclear materials and
technologies are more accessible now than at any other time in history, due to
the breakup of the Soviet Union and the worsening of economic conditions.  No
longer does the Soviet KGB, the Soviet military and the Soviet border guards
have the control to stop the smuggling of nuclear material's.  With the Cold War
being over, there is a huge stockpile of over 100 nuclear sites (See Appendix A).
Russia, alone has an inventory of 1,300 tons of highly enriched uranium (HEU),
and 165 tons of weapon usable plutonium. Such material is coming into high
demand on the market.  Terrorist, organized crime and countries with nuclear
ambition, are high bid contenders for the material.  The United States is also
becoming involved for the safety of preventing a nuclear disaster.  The U.S. has
just begun their large task and with Russia's worsening economy, smuggling of
nuclear material will continue.
     During the Cold War the security of Soviet nuclear weapons and missile
materials was based on a highly centralized military system and operating within
a strong political authority.  The workers back then where well disciplined and
each individual new his/her role.  The workers were among the best treated and
loyal to the Russian military.  They are now suffering hardships and are forced
to scavenge anything to pay for their food, rent and social services.
     A new trend is already occurring with some of the workers .  There are
those that will seek employment out of the nuclear field and in the commercial
sector, where salaries are higher.  Then the unfortunate who lose their jobs and
find no work.  The scarier thought is that the uncontempt people in Russia's
nuclear complex with access to nuclear materials will sell themselves, to make a
quick buck.  Most suppliers of nuclear material, were insiders who had worked or
were then working at nuclear research institutes or naval bases.  Most
perpetrators had no customers in hand but new that a quick profit existed (See
Appendix B).
     The first confirmed case involving the diversion of HEU occurred at the
Luch Scientific Production Association in Podolsk.  Between May and September of
1992, Leonid Smirnov, a chemical engineer stole approximately 1.5 Kg of weapon
grade HEU.  He recovered the enriched Uranium in the for...

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