Alcohol Abuse

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Term Paper Title	Alcohol Abuse
# of Words	677
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	2.71

Alcohol Abuse

Alcohol Abuse

     Alcohol abuse is a very dangerous condition in that it can cause many
problems in a persons life and affect many aspects of their lifestyle.
Alcoholism (or alcohol abuse) somehow effects everyone's life at some point in
time; through a parent, a sibling, a friend, or even personal encounters.
Alcohol abuse, as a medical diagnosis, refers to a pattern of behavior
characterized by excessive alcohol consumption.  This consumption can occur at
regular intervals, regular weekend intervals, or during binges, which are
considered as being intoxicated for at least two successive days.  Difficulty in
stopping, reducing the amount of alcohol use, and impaired social/occupational
role functioning are all characteristics of alcohol abuse.
     A number of theories in the medical feild are used to explain alcohol
abuse.  These are the biologic-genetic model, learning/social model, the
psychodynamic model, and the multidimensional model (McFarland 457).  Each
different model, for alcoholism have varied explanations as to how and why
people use and abuse alcohol.
     The biologic-genetic model states that there is a specific genetic
vulnerability for alcoholism.  There has been extensive studies on factors in
the genes that could determine or influence the use of alcohol from generation
to generation.  However, these studies have shown no hard evidence for an
association between alcoholism and inherited factors.
     The learning and social model  proposes that alcoholism is a process
that is slowly developed within a social situation or atmosphere.  This model of
alcoholism has also been researched by using both human and animal subjects.  A
conditioning model of alcohol tolerance has demonstrated that specific cues from
the environment such as odor, sight, and taste, produce a stimulus that results
in alcohol consumption.  If ethanol, the addictive ingredient in alcohol , is
not supplied, a psychological compensatory response called a craving is produced.
     The psychodynamic model of alcoholism proposes that problematic child
rearing practices produce psychosexual maldevelopment and dependence/independece
conflicts.    It is believed that while habitual alcohol use is in process, the
habitual drinker may use behavior such as exaggeration, denial, rationalization,
and affiliation with socially deviant groups.  Results of these behaviors may
include decreased work efficiency, job loss, alienation of friends and family,...

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