Telecommunications

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Term Paper Title	Telecommunications
# of Words	2867
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	11.47

Telecommunications

Telecommunications

The transmission of words, sounds, images, or data in the form of electronic or
electromagnetic signals or impulses. Transmission media include the telephone
(using wire or optical cable), radio, television, microwave, and satellite. Data
communication, the fastest growing field of telecommunication, is the process of
transmitting data in digital form by wire or radio. Digital data can be
generated directly in a 1/0 binary code by a computer or can be produced from a
voice or visual signal by a process called encoding. A data communications
network is created by interconnecting a large number of information sources so
that data can flow freely among them. The data may consist of a specific item of
information, a group of such items, or computer instructions. Examples include a
news item, a bank transaction, a mailing address, a letter, a book, a mailing
list, a bank statement, or a computer program. The devices used can be computers,
terminals (devices that transmit and receive information), and peripheral
equipment such as printers (see Computer; Office Systems). The transmission line
used can be a normal or a specially purchased telephone line called a leased, or
private, line (see Telephone). It can also take the form of a microwave or a
communications-satellite linkage, or some combination of any of these various
systems.

Hardware and Software

Each telecommunications device uses hardware, which connects a device to the
transmission line; and software, which makes it possible for a device to
transmit information through the line.

Hardware

Hardware usually consists of a transmitter and a cable interface, or, if the
telephone is used as a transmission line, a modulator/demodulator, or modem. A
transmitter prepares information for transmission by converting it from a form
that the device uses (such as a clustered or parallel arrangement of electronic
bits of information) to a form that the transmission line uses (such as, usually,
a serial arrangement of electronic bits). Most transmitters are an integral
element of the sending device. A cable interface, as the name indicates,
connects a device to a cable. It converts the transmitted signals from the form
required by the device to the form required by the cable. Most cable interfaces
are also an integral element of the sending device. A modem converts digital
signals to and from the modulated form required by the telephone line to the
demodulated form that the de...

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