The Internet

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Term Paper Title	The Internet
# of Words	1795
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	7.18

The Internet

The Internet

       The Internet is a worldwide connection of thousands of computer networks.
All of them speak the same language, TCP/IP, the standard protocol. The Internet
allows people with access to these networks to share information and knowledge.
Resources available on the Internet are chat groups, e-mail, newsgroups, file
transfers, and the World Wide Web. The Internet has no centralized authority and
it is uncensored. The Internet belongs to everyone and to no one.
        The Internet is structured in a hierarchy. At the top, each country has
at least one public backbone network. Backbone networks are made of high speed
lines that connect to other backbones. There are thousands of service providers
and networks that connect home or college users to the backbone networks. Today,
there are more than fifty-thousand networks in more than one-hundred countries
worldwide. However, it all started with one network.
       In the early 1960's the Cold War was escalating and the United States
Government was faced with a problem. How could the country communicate after a
nuclear war? The Pentagon's Advanced Research Projects Agency, ARPA, had a
solution. They would create a non-centralized network that linked from city to
city, and base to base. The network was designed to function when parts of it
were destroyed. The network could not have a center because it would be a
primary target for enemies. In 1969, ARPANET was created, named after its
original Pentagon sponsor. There were four supercomputer stations, called nodes,
on this high speed network.
       ARPANET grew during the 1970's as more and more supercomputer stations
were added. The users of ARPANET had changed the high speed network to an
electronic post office. Scientists and researchers used ARPANET to collaborate
on projects and to trade notes. Eventually, people used ARPANET for leisure
activities such as chatting. Soon after, the mailing list was developed. Mailing
lists were discussion groups of people who would send their messages via e-mail
to a group address, and also receive messages. This could be done twenty-four
hours a day.
       As ARPANET became larger, a more sophisticated and standard protocol was
needed.  The protocol would have to link users from other small networks to
ARPANET, the main network. The standard protocol invented in 1977 was called
TCP/IP. Because of TCP/IP, connecting to ARPANET by any other network was made
possible. In 1983, the military port...

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