Brief History Of Databases

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Term Paper Title	Brief History Of Databases
# of Words	1641
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	6.56

Brief History Of Databases

Brief History Of Databases

     In the 1960's, the use of main frame computers became widespread in many
companies.  To access vast amounts of stored information, these companies
started to use computer programs like COBOL and FORTRAN.  Data accessibility and
data sharing soon became an important feature because of the large amount of
information recquired by different departments within certain companies.  With
this system, each application owns its own data files.  The problems thus
associated with this type of file processing  was uncontrolled redundancy,
inconsistent data, inflexibility, poor enforcement of standards, and low
programmer maintenance.
     In 1964, MIS (Management Information Systems) was introduced.  This
would prove to be very influential towards future designs of computer systems
and the methods they will use in manipulating data.
     In 1966, Philip Kotler had the first description of how managers could
benefit from the powerful capabilities of the electronic computer as a
management tool.
     In 1969, Berson developed a marketing information system for marketing
research.  In 1970,  the Montgomery urban model was developed stressing the
quantitative aspect of management by highlighting a data bank, a model bank, and
a measurement statistics bank.  All of these factors will be influential on
future models of storing data in a pool. According to Martine, in 1981, a
database is a shared collection of interrelated data designed to meet the needs
of multiple types of end users.  The data is stored in one location so that they
are independent of the programs that use them, keeping in mind data integrity
with respect to the approaches to adding new data, modifying data, and
retrieving existing data.  A database is shared and perceived differently by
multiple users.  This leads to the arrival of Database Management Systems.
     These systems first appeared around the 1970=s as solutions to problems
associated with mainframe computers.  Originally, pre-database programs accessed
their own data files.  Consequently, similar data had to be stored in other
areas where that certain piece of information was relevant.  Simple things like
addresses were stored in customer information files, accounts receivable records,
and so on.  This created redundancy and inefficiency.  Updating files, like
storing files, was also a problem.  When a customer=s address changed, all the
fields where that customer=s address was stored had to be changed...

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