IS 490

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Term Paper Title	IS 490
# of Words	2804
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	11.22

IS 490
SPECIAL TOPICS
Computer Graphics
May 6, 1996

Table of Contents
Introduction                                             3
How It Was                                        3
How It All Began                                   4
Times Were Changing                              6
Industry's First Attempts                              7
The Second Wave                                   10
How the Magic is Made                              11
Modeling                                             12
Animation                                             13
Rendering                                             13
Conclusion                                             15
Bibliography                                             16

Introduction

Hollywood has gone digital, and the old ways of doing things are dying.  Animation and
special effects created with computers have been embraced by television networks,
advertisers, and movie studios alike.  Film editors, who for decades worked by painstakingly
cutting and gluing film segments together, are now sitting in front of computer screens.
There, they edit entire features while adding sound that is not only stored digitally, but
also has been created and manipulated with computers.  Viewers are witnessing the results of
all this in the form of stories and experiences that they never dreamed of before. Perhaps
the most surprising aspect of all this, however, is that the entire digital effects and
animation industry is still in its infancy.  The future looks bright. How It Was

In the beginning, computer graphics were as cumbersome and as hard to control as dinosaurs
must have been in their own time.  Like dinosaurs, the hardware systems, or muscles, of
early computer graphics were huge and ungainly.  The machines often filled entire buildings.
Also like dinosaurs, the software programs or brains of computer graphics were hopelessly
underdeveloped.  Fortunately for the visual arts, the evolution of both brains and brawn of
computer graphics did not take eons to develop.  It has, instead, taken only three decades
to move from science fiction to current technological trends.  With computers out of the
stone age, we have moved into the leading edge of the silicon era. Imagine sitting at a
computer without any visual feedback on a monitor.  There would be no spreadsheets, no word
processors, not even simple games like solitaire.  This is what it was like in the early
days of computers.  The only way to interact with a computer at that time was through toggle
switches, flashing lights, punchcards, and Teletype printouts. How It All Began

In 1962, all this began to change. In that year, Ivan Sutherland, a Ph.D. student at (MIT),
created the science of computer graphics.  For his dissertation, he wrote a program called
Sketchpad that allowed him to draw lines of light directly...

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