Gettysburg

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Term Paper Title	Gettysburg
# of Words	905
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	3.62

     Gettysburg
     Gettysburg was the turning point in the American Civil War.  More importantly
Gettysburg was the climatic clash between the two major American cultures of their
time, the North and the South.  A climax of a conflict between two cultures with such
vastly different ideals that they could not coexist in “one nation, under God, indivisible,
with liberty and justice for all”.
     The battle began on July 1, when some of General Ambrose Powell Hill’s
advance brigades entered the small town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.  Because of
General Stuart’s failure to complete his mission of tracking the Union army, Hill's troops
encountered a Union cavalry division commanded by Major General John Buford.
During battle in front of Cemetery Hill, General Hill encountered stubborn resistance
from the Union forces trying to hold until the rest of forces could arrive and dig in.  The
fighting went on until General Richard S. Ewell arrived and forced the federal troops to
retreat to better ground southeast of Gettysburg.  Although the Confederates won the day,
Ewell made the mistake of not allowing General Hill to force the Union forces further
back leaving the Union troops with the high ground.
     On the following day, July 2, General George Gordon Meade, commander of the
Union Army of the Potomac arrived, along with the majority of the army.  He formed his
forces in the now widely recognized horseshoe, anchored at Big and Little Round Top on
the west, and Culp's Hill on the east, and dug in behind a stone wall along Cemetery
Ridge.  The numerically superior Union forces faced a deployment of Southern troops
preparing for a “hasty attack”.  The Confederate forces roughly mirrored the Union line,
commanded left to right by Longstreet, Hill, and Ewell.
     Determined to annihilate the Army of the Potomac once and for all, and end the
war swiftly, General Lee ordered an attack over the protests of James Longstreet, who
was a major proponent of defensive warfare combined with strategically offensive
movement.  The ill-fated attack was delayed time and time again, eventually kicking off
just before noon and failing soon thereafter.  Confederate gains were limited to the Peach
Orchard and a sector of Culp's Hill, while major losses were incurred in personnel,
equipment, ammunition, and morale.  The second day concluded with planning for the
third and final day of this historic battle.  General Meade and the federal forces believed
an attack would come, but expected an att...

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