Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Suppresses The Immune

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Term Paper Title	Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Suppresses The Immune
# of Words	5252
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	21.01

Aids
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), suppresses the immune
system related to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A person
infected with HIV gradually loses immune function along with certain immune cells
called CD4 T-lymphocytes or CD4 T-cells, causing the infected person to become
vulnerable to pneumonia, fungus infections, and other common ailments. With the loss
of immune function, a clinical syndrome (a group of various illnesses that together
characterize a disease) develops over time and eventually results in death due to
opportunistic infections (infections by organisms that do not normally cause disease
except in people whose immune systems have been greatly weakened) or cancers.
In the early 1980s deaths by opportunistic infections, previously observed
mainly in organ transplant recipients receiving therapy to suppress their immune
responses, were recognized in otherwise healthy homosexual men. In 1983, French
cancer specialist Luc Montagnier and scientists at the Pasteur Institute in Paris isolated
what appeared to be a new human retrovirus—a special type of virus that reproduces
differently from other viruses—from the lymph node of a man at risk for AIDS. Nearly
simultaneously, scientists working in the laboratory of
American research scientist Robert Gallo at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda,
Maryland, and a group headed by American virologist Jay Levy at the University of
California at San Francisco isolated a retrovirus from people with AIDS and
individuals having contact with people with AIDS. All three groups of scientists
isolated what is now known as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that
causes AIDS.
Infection with HIV does not necessarily mean that a person has AIDS, although
people who are HIV-positive are often mistakenly said to have AIDS. In fact, a person
can remain HIV-positive for more than ten years without developing any of the clinical
illnesses that define and constitute a diagnosis of AIDS. In 1996 an estimated 22.6
million people worldwide were living with HIV or AIDS—21.8 million adults and 830,000 children. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that between 1981, when the first AIDS cases were reported, and the end of 1996, more than 8.4 million adults and children had developed AIDS. In this same period there were 6.4 million deaths worldwide from AIDS or HIV. About 360,000 of these deaths occurred in the United States.
Clinical Progre...

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