Quantum Computers

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Term Paper Title	Quantum Computers
# of Words	1647
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	6.59

Quantum Computers
Fact -or- Fantasy?

CS Senior Seminar

Imagine a computer whose memory is exponentially larger than its apparent physical size; a computer that can manipulate an exponential set of inputs simultaneously; a computer that computes in the twilight zone of space.  You would be thinking of a quantum computer.  Relatively few and simple concepts from quantum mechanics are needed to make quantum computers a possibility.  The subtlety has been in learning to manipulate these concepts. Is such a computer an inevitability or will it be too difficult to build?
By the strange laws of quantum mechanics, Folger, a senior editor at Discover, notes that; an electron, proton, or other subatomic particle is "in more than one place at a time," because individual particles behave like waves, these different places are different states that an atom can exist in simultaneously.
What’s the big deal about quantum computing?  Imagine you were in a large office building and you had to retrieve a briefcase left on a desk picked at random in one of hundreds of offices.  In the same way that you would have to walk through the building, opening doors one at a time to find the briefcase, an ordinary computer has to make it way through long strings of 1’s and 0’s until it arrives at the answer.  But what if instead of having to search by yourself, you could instantly create as many copies of yourself as there were rooms in the building all the copies could simultaneously peek in all the offices, and the one that finds the briefcase becomes the real you, the rest just disappear. – (David Freeman, discover )
David Deutsch, a physicist at Oxford University, argued that it may be possible to build an extremely powerful computer based on this peculiar reality. In 1994, Peter Shor, a mathematician at AT&T Bell Laboratories in New Jersey, proved that, in theory at least, a full-blown quantum computer could factor even the largest numbers in seconds; an accomplishment impossible for even the fastest conventional computer. An outbreak of theories and discussions of the possibility of building a quantum computer now permeates itself though out the quantum fields of technology and research.
It's roots can be traced back to 1981, when Richard Feynman noted that physicists always seem to run into computational problems when they try to simulate a system in which quantum mechanics would take place. The calculations involving the behavior of atoms, electrons, or photons, requi...

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